Effects of Environmental Variability on the Genus Olea L.

In Azerbaijan, as well as on the Absheron Peninsula, the pressing problems of our time are climate change, emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere, high temperatures, changes in groundwater levels, drought and suppression of local flora by introduced invasive species. Deformations of vegetative organs, developmental delays, premature transition to the generative phase, early aging, and infestation with various pests are observed in bioindication species sensitive to environmental changes. The article presents the results of studies of Olea europaea L. species resistant to the soil and climatic conditions of the Absheron Peninsula, which have undergone introduction testing. Taking into account the climatic factor, the results of soil and water analysis of these species, the changes occurring in the plant are scientifically substantiated. According to the results of the analysis of irrigation water in this area, it was determined that the EC is 5.46 mS/cm. In addition, excessive salinization caused an increase in the Na level in the leaves, gas exchange, growth retardation and a decrease in yield. As a result of the research, it was found that the species adapts to arid climates, but water deficit and high temperatures create environmental stress that seriously affects the plant. As a result of the research conducted during the monitoring of Absheron parks and gardens, it was found that the trunks and branches of the species are infected with Saissetia oleae Olivier. At the same time, under climate change, differences in the life cycle of S.oleae colonies and increased resistance to insecticides were observed.

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